One country, many peoples
Kenya is home to more than 40 ethnic groups, each with its own language and traditions. The largest include the Kikuyu, Luhya, Kalenjin, Luo and Kamba. Swahili and English are the national languages and connect everyone, and Kenyans are proud of their country — from its independence in 1963 to its world-famous long-distance runners.
Peoples you may meet on safari
The Maasai
Semi-nomadic cattle herders who live across southern Kenya and northern Tanzania, including the areas around the Maasai Mara and Amboseli. Known for their red shúkà cloths, beadwork and jumping dance, the adumu. Many conservancies around the Mara are on Maasai land and share income with the communities.
The Samburu
Closely related to the Maasai, the Samburu live in the dry north around Samburu and Buffalo Springs. They are pastoralists known for their colourful beadwork and are often guides and rangers in the region.
The Kikuyu
Kenya's largest community, traditionally farmers of the fertile highlands around Mount Kenya, which they call Kirinyaga.
The Swahili coast
On the Indian Ocean coast, centuries of trade created Swahili culture, with Arab, Persian and Indian influences. Lamu Old Town and Fort Jesus in Mombasa are UNESCO World Heritage sites. The coast is largely Muslim, and more conservative in dress — similar to Zanzibar.
Religion
Most Kenyans are Christian, with a significant Muslim community, especially on the coast and in the north-east, and traditional beliefs remain important in many communities.
Greetings and manners
- Greet people before asking a question: "Jambo", "Habari?" — see our Swahili phrases.
- Handshakes are common; use your right hand to give and receive.
- Show respect to elders.
- Dress modestly in towns and villages, especially on the coast.
- Public displays of affection are uncommon.
Visiting communities respectfully
- Visit with a guide who knows the community, so your visit is welcome and benefits the village.
- Always ask before photographing people.
- Buy beadwork and crafts directly from the makers.
- Do not give money or sweets to children.
Our Kenya safaris can include a cultural visit as an optional extra. More in things to do in Kenya.
